Internal combustion engine



May 2, 19330 5 NYQUKST 1,997,214}

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Aug. 2, 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet l In ven for: T Ml Nyquisi.

B Mm I 0.4 W .171 forneys,

May 2, 1933.

G. W. NYQUEST INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Aug. 2, 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 May 2, 1933, G. w. NYQUIST INTERNAL COMB USTION ENGINE Filed Aug. 2, 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 G van tar:

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INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Aug. 2, 1929 4Sheets-She8t 4 In ven for:

Nail/[3f in? eyt Patented May 2, 1933 L m- PATENT GU T W- NYccIsT. of? memes, MINNESOTA INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Application filed August 2,

l! l The fullobjects and advantages of my invention will appear in connection, with the detailed description thereof, and the novel features of my inventive idea will be particularly pointed out in the claim.

': 29 In the accompanying drawings which illustrate the application of my invention in practical form,- V I 7 Fig.1 is a view in central vertical section Sh Wing the device applied to an air cooled engine. Fig. 2 is a fragmentarytop plan View thereof. Fig. 8 is a view in. central vertical section showing the device applied. to a water-cooledengine; Fig. 4is a fragmentary View takenonthe line of Fig.7 and at an .39 angle of 45 tothe position of Fig. 3. Fig. 5

is a view partly in horizontal section and partly top plan with reference to Fig. 3. Fig. 6 isv a view in horizontal section on the line 6;-6' of Fig. 3; Fig. 7 is aview: inhorizontal section on the line 77'0f Fig. 3. Fig 8 is;aplan View of a valve; plate in exhaust position. Fig, ,9 is a plan view of the platein intake position. Fig. 10 is a plan View of the plate in compression and firing position. Fig. 11 represents. a development ofthe cam shown inFig. 3. Fig. 12- rep.- resents a development of the camshown in Fig. 1. .Fig. 1-3 is a plan. view of the cam n inam m h n in F g-.1,

It is tobeunderstood' that the engine may 1929, Serial No. 382,869;

beprovided with any desired number. of cyl- I indere; Since these cylinders and the valve operating mechanismffassociated therewith are similar, it will besufiicient to disclose the invention in connection with one cylinder. 0; Referring-to the construction shown in the drawings the numeral 14. designates a cylinderin, which works a piston 16 connected by acrank rod 18 to a crank shaft 20 mounted in bearings formed ina crank case 22. The 55: upper portion ofthe cylinder isprovided-with the customary spark plug 24. The cylinder is provided with ahead in the form of a casting which has a central vertically disposed bearing 26 in which a shaft 28-is mounted. Secured to the lower end- .of the shaft 28 there is a valve plate 30 Whilea forked arm 32 issecured to the upper end of the shaft 28.. The arm 32 is oscillated ina manner which will be described presently. The head 25 is provided with an intake aperture31 which leads intoan-intake-chamber 36 formed betweenthe upper end; of; the head'ja-nd a pa ti i 8 in e. h a as es shownin; Fig- 4;. The-head is, also providedwith an exhaust 9 aperture 40 whi'ch; leads from anexhaust chamber 42- formed between the partition 38 and: the bottom member 1 k ofthe; head, and substantially surrounding the; star-shaped casting 45 housing the four inletconduits all designated ldwhich as=willbe understood from- Figs. 3 and? extend from the-intake chamber 36 through the exhaust chamber 12 andv through the bottom memberl lso as; to open upon-the'valve plate 30. The four con- 8 duits46 are arranged -fr0m each other anound thebearing 26. The bottom member 44, is provided with four exhaust ports 48 which, aswiljlbeunderstood from Figs. 4; and

7 open into the exhaustchamber 4L2. The four 35 P0 7 5 e e al e d m m each. o r and-45 fromtheconduits lti,

lit will be noted that the upper part of the cylinder 14 and the chambers 36 and 12 in t e head are surrounded by the usual; water- 90 carrying chamber 47 adapted to be connected at 49 and 51 with the circulatory system. Thus the entire outer wall 53, surrounding the exhaust chamber 42 is water cooled. As clearly shown in Fig. 7 a star-shaped casting extends between the dividing wall 38 which forms the floor of inlet chamber 36 and the bottom wall 44 of the head 25. Through the center of the star-shaped casting is a central opening which receives the valve stem 28 and a bushing 29 surrounding it, and the inlet ducts 46 are formed at the extremities of the legs of the star-shaped casting 45 so that the comparatively thin walls of the ducts 46 lie wholly within exhaust chamber 42 and are separated from the water-cooled wall 53 thereof and wholly surrounded by exhaust chamber 48 except at their inner ends adjacent the central aperture holding valve stem 28.

A great advantage of this construction re sides in the fact that the inlet gases contactwith the heated wall 38, and, in passing through the ducts 46, are further not only subject to the heat of the walls of said ducts, but operate to withdraw heat from the starshaped casting and effect sufficient cooling thereof so the valve stem and bushing will not bind, although the water circulation contacts only with the upper end of the walls of the central valve seat opening. The inlet gases thus are highly heated upon entering the cylinder, thus effectingfperfect gasification before firing, and as an embodiment of the invention, as demonstrated, entirely eliminating smoking.

By referring to Figs. 4, 8, 9. and 10, it will be understood that the valve plate 30 is pro vided with four openings 50 arranged 90- from each other and which by oscillation of the valve plate may be made to register either with the conduits 40 or with the ports 48 or shutoff from communication with both. The manner in which this result is brought about will be described first in connection with Figs. 1, 2, and 12, the cylinder shown in Fig. 1 being air-cooled for which purpose it is provided with fins 52. The forked arm 32 is engaged by a member 54 carried by one end of an arm 56, the other end of which is secured to the top of a'vertic al rockshaft 58. This shaft ismounted in bearings and 62 and has secured to its'lower end an arm 64, the swinging end of which carries a cam engaging member 66, the shape of which is best shown in Fig. 13. As shown in Fig. 1, the cam shaft 20 carries a cam cylinder 68 in the surface of which there is a double cam groove 70 with the two portions thereof crossing each other. The member 66 'fits into 7 this groove and its shape is such as tokeep itin the proper portion of'the doublegroove so; that it works in the two portions thereof one after the other successively. When. the

member 66 is in the groove portion 72, the

shaft 58 has been rocked so that the cam plate 30 occupies the position shown in Fig. 9. Motive fluid now passes through the conduits 46 and openings 50 into the cylinder as will be readily understood from Fig. 6. The member 66 next passes into the long straight portion 74 of the groove which corresponds to the compression and firing periods, the valve plate 30 now being held in the position shown in Fig. 10 so that the openings 50 are not in communication with either the inlet or exhaust chambers.

I The member 66 next passes into the portion 76 of the groove, the valve plate 30 now having been oscillated into the position shown in Fig. 8 so that the openings 50 register with the exhaust ports 48 as will be understood from Fig. 7 From the groove portion 7 6 the member 66 now passes along the inclined portion 7 8 and back to the intake'portion 72, the shape of the member-66 being such as to cause it to pass the groove portion 74. It is apparent that two rota tions of the crank shaft are required to producea complete cycle of operations of the engine.

The manner in Which-the valve plate 30 is oscillated in the form of the invention shown n Figs. '3, 5, and 11 will now be described, it being noted that in this form, the cylinder is water-cooled for which purpose a water-passage 80 is provided as shownin Fig. 3. The forked arm 32 is engaged bya member 82 carried by one end. of anarm 84, the other end of which is secured to the top of a'rockshaft 86. This shaft is mounted in bearings 88 and 90 and has secured to its lower end an arm 92, the swinging end of which carries a roller 94. This roller works in a cam groove 96' formed in the surface of a cam cylinder 98 secured to a countershaft 100, mounted in bearings carried by. the crank case 22. Alsosecured to the shaft 100,.there is a gear 102 which meshes with "a smaller gear 104 secured to the axial portion'of the crankshaft 20. The gear ratio of the gears 102 and 104 is such that two rotations ofthe crank shaft are required-to cause one rotation of the shaft 100. In this form of the invention, the cam groove 96 is asingle groove, but the valve plate is operated into its different positions in a manner'similar to that previously described; When the roller 94 is in the groove portion 106,;the shaft 86 has been rocked so that the valve plate 30 is in the position shown in Fig.v 9'

for supplying motive fluid to the cylinder. The roller now passes into the groove portion 108 which corresponds to compression and firing periods, the valve plate 30 now being held in theposition shownin Fig. 10. The roller next passes into the groove portion 110 so that the valve plate is moved into the position shown in Fig. 8 forex'haus't.

i-io I claim:

In an internal combustion engine, a' cylinder, a head therefor comprising an upper inlet chamber and a lower exhaust chamber and having a star-shaped casting extending between the upper and. lower walls of said exhaust chamber, said casting being formed with a central opening leading into the cylinder and with a multiplicity of ducts leading from the inlet chamber to the upper end of the cylinder and each having its walls substantially surrounded by said exhaust chamber, and valve means in the cylinder having an operating stem extending through said central opening.

In testimony whereof I hereunto afiix my signature.

GUST W. NYQUIST. 

